Malayalam Handwritten Character Recognition using CNN Architecture

The process of encoding an input text image into a machine-readable format is called optical character recognition (OCR). The difference in characteristics of each language makes it difficult to develop a universal method that will have high accuracy for all languages. A method that produces good results for one language may not necessarily produce the same results for another language. OCR for printed characters is easier than handwritten characters because of the uniformity that exists in printed characters. While conventional methods find it hard to improve the existing methods, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has shown drastic improvement in classification and recognition of other languages. However, there is no OCR model using CNN for Malayalam characters. Our proposed system uses a new CNN architecture for feature extraction and softmax layer for classification of characters. This eliminates manual designing of features that is used in the conventional methods. P-ARTS Kayyezhuthu dataset is used for training the CNN and an accuracy of 99.75% is obtained for the testing dataset meanwhile a collection of 40 real time input images yielded an accuracy of 95%

Comparison Between Different Absorbable Plating Systems in Craniofacial Surgery-an Original Research

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro present research was to evaluate different absorbable plating systems in different craniofacial surgeries. Methodology: A sample of patients with single-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis treated using either Resorb-X or Delta bioresorbable plating systems were reviewed. Only patients with preoperative, immediate, and long-term 3-dimensional photographic images or computed tomography scans were included. A comparison of plating system outcomes was performed to determine the need for clinic and emergency room visits, imaging obtained, and incidence of subsequent surgical procedures due to complications. Results: Forty-six patients (24 Resorb-X and 22 Delta) underwent open repair with bioabsorbable plating for single suture craniosynostosis. The mean age at each imaging time point was similar between the 2 plating systems (P>0.717). Deformity specific measures for sagittal (cranial index), metopic (inter fronto temporale), and unicoronal (frontal asymmetry) synostosis were equivalent between the systems at all time points (0.05<P<0.904). A single Delta patient developed bilateral scalp cellulitis and abscesses and subsequently required operative intervention and antibiotics. Conclusion: Bioabsorbable plating for craniosynostosis in children as well as craniofacial surgeries are effective and has low morbidity

A Randomized Controlled Trial on Cross Infection Control in Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery A Comparison of Intermaxillary Fixation Techniques

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the intermaxillary fixation techniques in maxillofacial trauma surgery in terms of cross infection control. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial which included 120 patients with fractures of the mandible requiring open reduction and fixation. The participants were allocated either to the study group and treated with intraoperative Rapid IMF or to the control group and managed with intraoperative eyelet wire ties. Results: Rapid IMF group had significantly fewer glove perforations than the traditional method (0.67 per operation compared with 1.5), (P < 0.0001). The incidence of skin-penetrating injuries was the same in both groups (rate 0.02/ procedure). The application of Rapid IMF was significantly Faster than wiring (P < 0.0001). Minor intraoperative complications were noted in both groups, but more in the Rapid IMF group. Most concerned loosening or fracture of the anchorage ties but the surgical outcome was not affected. Conclusion: Rapid IMF is a safer alternative to wiring methods with significant reduction in glove perforation rates and is quicker to apply than conventional wiring techniques